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CentOS - where are rpm packages stored?

Posts: 72
in LFS201 Class Forum - Discontinued

Hi.

I'm learning some rpm commands. I want to run:

$ rpm -q --whatprovides
$ rpm -q --requires

but I do not know where the rpm packages are installed on my installation.

Thanks.

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Comments

  • Posts: 380

    Good morning,

    The short answer is packages that are downloaded and installed are usually left in the "yum cache"
    ( ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/*/packages ) directories, assuming one has not run "yum clean --all" which empties the cache.

    Some additional information is; rpm keeps a database of the installed packages and it is this database that
    "rpm -q" runs against. The database is usually in "/var/lib/rpm" directory and is updated by "rpm" and "yum" commands like "rpm -i ", "yum install " or "yum repolist" .

    There are features in "yum" to scan the package lists from the configured repo's, consider:
    "yum list --showduplicates systemd" it will show the locations of the packages, including what is installed.

    "rpm" runs against the database, "yum" uses the database and the repositories.

    I hope that helps, Lee

  • Posts: 916

    On most of my systems, yum removes the downloaded packages after they are installed. I guess there is a configuration option about this, but you generally do not have a need for the rpm once it is installed. to empty just the packages you can do "yum clean packages" and leave the rest of the metadata on your system,

  • Posts: 72

    Thanks all.

    I check in /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/*/packages. I cannot see any .rpm files so the OS must have removed them.

    So are those command in my OP kind of redundant if CentOS removes the downloaded packages after install? Would I have to physically download an .rpm package and run the command on the package to see the output?

  • Posts: 1,276
    edited January 2020

    Hi @WarrenUK ,

    I see I have some of the rpm files, these the system has updated:

    [root@centos7server 7]# pwd
    /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7
    [root@centos7server 7]#
    [root@centos7server 7]# find . -name "*.rpm"
    ./updates/packages/bpftool-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@centos7server 7]#

    If you want to get the rpm file without installing it (to play with it), you can do the following:

    yum install --downloadonly

    For example:

    [root@centos7server ~]# yum install --downloadonly chromium

    [long output...]

    Dependencies Resolved

    =====================================================================================

    Package Arch Version Repository Size

    Installing:
    chromium x86_64 79.0.3945.88-1.el7 epel 30 M
    Installing for dependencies:
    chromium-common x86_64 79.0.3945.88-1.el7 epel 9.9 M
    chromium-libs x86_64 79.0.3945.88-1.el7 epel 83 M
    chromium-libs-media x86_64 79.0.3945.88-1.el7 epel 2.3 M
    minizip x86_64 1.2.7-18.el7 base 34 k
    nss-mdns x86_64 0.14.1-1.el7 epel 41 k

    Transaction Summary

    Install 1 Package (+5 Dependent packages)

    Once that they have been downloaded, you will see them here:

    [root@centos7server packages]# pwd
    /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages

    [root@centos7server packages]# ls
    chromium-79.0.3945.88-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    chromium-common-79.0.3945.88-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    chromium-libs-79.0.3945.88-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    chromium-libs-media-79.0.3945.88-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    nss-mdns-0.14.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    I hope that helps.

    Regards,
    Luis.

  • Posts: 72

    Many thanks Luis.

  • Posts: 1,276

    It's a pleasure!

  • Posts: 1

    Hi @WarrenUK @luisviveropena actually I tried everything but I am not able to get the path where are all the rpm are getting stored after installing . can u please provide me the solution how to do the changes in configuration so that server Don't delete that one by itself ??

  • Posts: 916

    rpms are kept under /var/cache/dnf while they are installing. On most systems they are removed after successful installation. I don't know why you would want to keep them generally. If you want to know the version etc, you can just do "rpm -qa" to get all packages, or for example "rpm -q bash" to find out one package version.

    I don't remember how to force dnf to keep the packages after successful installation but it is probably an obvious option in /etc/dnf/dnf.conf

  • Posts: 1
    edited May 17

    To clarify some research I've been doing today: I'm upgrading some machines from Fedora 41 to 42. Running dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=42 today, I discovered that RPMs are now being stored in /usr/lib/sysimage/libdnf5/offline/packages/ which is different from where they used to go. I think this is because Fedora switched from DNF 4 to 5. As far as I know, Centos is still on DNF 4, so it should be using the path under /var/cache/dnf. But since I came across this thread while trying to track down the new DNF 5 behavior, I figured I'd leave a note.

  • Posts: 1,276
    edited May 18

    Hi @Garrett.Mitchener, the course LFS201 has been discontinued. You can post here instead:

    https://forum.linuxfoundation.org/categories/lfs207-class-forum

    Regards,
    Luis.

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